Why are concerns like safety and recycling important in astronomy, even though the research is often not conducted in a traditional lab?

Apulley with mass mp and a radius rp is attached to the ceiling, in a gravity field of 9.81 m/s2 and rotates with no friction about its pivot.

1) what is the power in horsepower of a 100 watt light bulb? what is the power in kilowatts of a 200 horsepower engine? 2) if a cars engine is providing 3000 n of force to keep the car moving at 5 m/s, what is the engine’s effective power? 3) how many gallons of water will be pumped from a well 30 feet deep by a 1/2 hp engine in 1 minute? (1 gallon weighs 8.34 pounds)

Which sections of the heating curve illustrate this process?