Do EM Waves need matter in order for them to go from one place to another?

Two polarizers are oriented at 70∘∘ to one another. unpolarized light falls on them. what fraction of the light intensity is transmitted?

Search coils and credit cards. one practical way to measure magnetic field strength uses a small, closely wound coil called a search coil. the coil is initially held with its plane perpendicular to a magnetic field. the coil is then either quickly rotated a quarter-turn about a diameter or quickly pulled out of the field. (a) derive the equation relating the total charge q that flows through a search coil to the magnetic-field magnitude b. the search coil has n turns, each with area a, and the flux through the coil is decreased from its initial maximum value to zero in a time ∆t. the resistance of the coil is r, and the total charge is q = i∆t, where i is the average current induced by the change in flux. (b) in a credit card reader, the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card is rapidly “swiped” past a coil within the reader. explain, using the same ideas that underlie the operation of a search coil, how the reader can decode the information stored in the pattern of magnetization on the strip. (c) is it necessary that the credit card be “swiped” through the reader at exactly the right speed? why or why not?

Aproduction line at v. j. sugumaran's machine shop has three stations. the first station can process a unit in 7 minutes. the second station has two identical machines, each of which can process a unit in 16 minutes (each unit only needs to be processed on one of the two machines). the third station can process a unit in 10 minutes. ▼ is the bottleneck station, with a bottleneck time of nothing minutes per unit (enter your response as a whole number).