How does refraction cause an object to appear bent?
‌

Refraction occurs as light passes across the boundary between two media. Refraction is merely one of several possible boundary behaviors by which a light wave could behave when it encounters a new medium or an obstacle in its path. The transmission of light across a boundary between two media is accompanied by a change in both the speed and wavelength of the wave. The light wave not only changes directions at the boundary, it also speeds up or slows down and transforms into a wave with a larger or a shorter wavelength. The only time that a wave can be transmitted across a boundary, change its speed, and still not refract is when the light wave approaches the boundary in a direction that is perpendicular to it. As long as the light wave changes speed and approaches the boundary at an angle, refraction is observed.

Explanation:

answer: d. a cme increases the amount of energy in the solar wind

explanation:

coronal mass ejections, also called cmes, are large clouds of plasma and magnetic field that erupt from the sun. only when the cloud is aimed at earth will the cme hit earth and therefore cause impacts. high-speed solar wind streams come from areas on the sun known as coronal holes.

the answer for apex is the lowest