A simple pendulum consists of a 2.1 kg point mass hanging at the end of a 2.9 m long light string that is connected to a pivot point. Calculate the magnitude of the torque (due to the force of gravity) around this pivot point when the string makes a 4.0 ◦ angle with the vertical. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s 2 . Answer in units of N · m.

asthenosphere and convection

the closer the planet is to the sun, the larger the gravity

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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