Which way do electrons within the rectangular rods move when a positively-charged rod is
brought near a positively-charged rod?

You meant "Negative-charged rod"?

If you did then here's the answer.

Away.

Explanation:

Since, the rod and Balloon both are negatively charged, and we know that like charges repel each other so, the electrons in the rod tend to move away from negatively charged balloon.

i would think it's food chain

force is mass*acceleration.

we have a very small mass: 11.4*0.001 kg

if we want 0.035n of force, we need an acceleration:

0.035 = 11.4*0.001*a

a = 0.035/(11.4*0.001) m/s^2