What does it mean for PE to be dependent on the reference level?

The potential energy of an object is the energy possessed by the object due to its position in a gravitational field.

Mathematically, it is given by:

where

m is the mass of the object

g is the acceleration due to gravity at the location of the object

h is the height of the object

As we can see, the potential energy depends on the height of the object, h.

However, this height is relative, since it can be measured using different reference levels.

Generally, the reference level is taken to be the ground; so for example, an object located at the top of a cliff 40 m above the ground, has

h = 40 m

But this value is of course relative, since we can also take the reference level to be the top of the cliff, so in that case, we would have

h = 0

-first use of geothermal energy occurred more than 10,000 years ago in north america by american paleo-indians

-the first industrial use of geothermal energy began near pisa, italy in late 18th century

-in 1904, italian scientist piero ginori conti invented the first geothermal electric power plant in which steam was used to generate the power

-with the above experiment, the first geothermal plant in usa started in 1922 with a capacity of 250 kilowatts

-however, in 1946 first ground-source geothermal heat pump installed at commonwealth building in portland, oregon

-during the 1960’s, pacific gas and electric began operation of first large scale geothermal power plant in san francisco, producing 11 megawatts

-in 1973, when oil crisis began many countries began looking for renewable energy sources and by 1980’s geothermal heat pumps (ghp) started gaining popularity in order to reduce heating and cooling costs

-as effect of climate change started showing results, governments of various countries joined hands to fight against it, for which kyoto protocol was signed in japan in 1997, laid out emission targets for rich countries and required that they transfer funds and technology to developing countries, 184 countries have ratified it

hope this

a skateboard rolling across the street - apex