When you boil potatoes, will your cooking time be reduced with vigorously boiling water instead of gently boiling water? (Directions for cooking spaghetti call for vigorously boiling water-not to lessen cooking time but to prevent something else. If you don't know what it is, ask a cook.)

The cooling time will not be reduced.

Explanation:

The time to cook is virtually the same in both types, vigorously and gently boiling water.

The reason cooking of spaghetti  calls for vigorously boiling water is to keep the pasta agitated so that they do not stick to one another.

The temperature of boiling water is the same for both vigorously boiling water and gently boiling water, therefore there will be little time difference in when the potatoes will cook when it is done with vigorously boiling water than when it is cooked with gently boiling water.

However cooking potatoes in vigorously boiling water may cause the water to dry up on time and the potatoes get burnt.

layers of the earth affect the waves and these effects are seen on instruiments such as seimometers

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.