: The shaft is made of L2 tool steel, has a diameter of 40 mm, and is fixed at its ends A and B. If it is subjected to the torque, determine the maximum shear stress in the bar. If the shear modulus of the steel is 75 GPa, determine the twisting angle at C.

Aparticle of mass m is projected with an initial velocity v0 in a direction making an angle α with the horizontal level ground as shown in the figure. the motion of the particle occurs under a uniform gravitational field g pointing downward. (a) write down the lagrangian of the system by using the cartesian coordinates (x, y). (b) is there any cyclic coordinate(s). if so, interpret it (them) physically. (c) find the euler-lagrange equations. find at least one constant of motion. (d) solve the differential equation in part (c) and obtain x and y coordinates of the projectile as a function of time. (e) construct the hamiltonian of the system, h, and write down the hamilton’s equations (canonical equations) of motion.

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Properties seen when one one substance changes to another are known as properties