Suppose the Sun had been born with less mass, making it a smaller, cooler star that could heat everything around it to a level one-half its current temperature. According to the nebular theory, how would the formation of the solar system have been different?

Large electric fields in cell membranes cause ions to move through the cell wall. the field strength in a typical membrane is 1.0 x 10 7 n/c. what is the magnitude of the force on a calcium ion with charge +e? what is its acceleration? is it possible for a particle with the same charge as as calcium to have a different acceleration if placed at this location? what would change the acceleration: mass of the particle? diameter of the particle?

Aballoon is rising vertically upwards at a velocity of 10m/s. when it is at a height of 45m from the ground, a parachute bails out from it. after 3s he opens his parachute and decelerates ata a constant rate 5m/s.when. (a) what was the height of the parachutist above the ground when he opened his parachute? (b)how far is the parachutist from the balloon at t=3s? (c)with what velocity does the parachutist hit the ground? (d)after how long does the parachutist hit the ground after his exist from the balloon?

In an old-fashioned amusement park ride, passengers stand inside a 3.0-m-tall, 5.0-m-diameter hollow steel cylinder with their backs against the wall. the cylinder begins to rotate about a vertical axis. then the floor on which the passengers are standing suddenly drops away! if all goes well, the passengers will “stick” to the wall and not slide. clothing has a static coefficient of friction against steel in the range 0.60 to 1.0 and a kinetic coefficient in the range 0.40 to 0.70. part a what is the minimum rotational frequency, in rpm, for which the ride is safe? express your answer using two significant figures. f f = rpm