A 37.5 kg box initially at rest is pushed 4.05 m along a rough, horizontal floor with a constant applied horizontal force of 150 N. If the coefficient of friction between box and floor is 0.300, find the following.(a) the work done by the applied force
J
(b) the increase in internal energy in the box-floor system due to friction
J
(c) the work done by the normal force
J
(d) the work done by the gravitational force
J
(e) the change in kinetic energy of the box
J
(f) the final speed of the box
m/s

a) 607.5 J

b) 160.531875 J

c)  0 J

d)  0 J

e) 2.925 m\s

Explanation:

The given data :-

Solution:-

a) The work done by applied force ( W )

W = force applied × displacement = 150 × 4.05 = 607.5 J

b)  The increase in internal energy in the box-floor system due to friction.

Frictional force ( f ) = μ × N = 0.3 × 367.875 = 110.3625 N

Change in internal energy = change in kinetic energy.

ΔU = ( K.E )₂ - ( K.E )₁

Since the initial velocity is zero so the  ( K.E )₁ = 0  

ΔU = ( K.E )₂ = ( F - f ) × ( x ) = ( 150 - 110.3625 ) × 4.05 = 160.531875 J

c) The work done by the normal force .

Displacement of box vertically = 0

W = force applied × displacement = 367.875 × 0 = 0 J

d)  The work done by the gravitational force.

Displacement of box vertically = 0

W = force applied × displacement = 367.875 × 0 = 0 J

e) The change in kinetic energy of the box

( K.E )₂ - ( K.E )₁ = ( K.E )₂ - 0 = ( F - f ) × ( x ) = ( 150 - 110.3625 ) × 4.05 = 160.531875 J

f) The final speed of the box

( K.E )₂ = 160.531875 J = 0.5 × 37.5 × v²

v² = 8.56

v = 2.925 m\s.

wind moving at higher speeds will transfer more energy to the water, resulting in stronger waves.