Why does placing a lid over a pot of water on a stove shorten the time it takes for the water to come to a boil, whereas, after the water is boiling, the use of a lid only slightly shortens the cooking time?

answer; (d) spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder;

answer: at 24 february, 2014 the population gets twice of its initial population.

explanation:

since we have given that

the population for alpha city, t years after january 1, 2004 is given as

first we find out the initial population, i.e. t=0,

so, our quadratic equation becomes,

according to question, we have said that if the population has twice its initial population, then it becomes

so, time taken to reach this above mentioned population is given by

now, we know that time can't be negative so, we take t=9.149 years.

hence, at 24 february, 2014 the population gets twice of its initial population.