Physics, 11.03.2020 23:58 cjkc

Why did Thomson's results from experimenting with cathode rays a big change in scientific thought about atoms?

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Thomson's results from experiments with cathode ray tubes produced a big change in scientific thought about atoms because his results gave the first evidence that atoms were made of smaller particles.

Particularly, he proved the existence of negatively charged sub-atomic particles that are called as electrons which together with a positively charged nucleus form an atomic unit.

Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a positively-charged "soup." Thomson also made the following conclusions from his experiment:

The cathode ray is composed of negatively-charged particles. The particles must be as part of an atom because the mass of each particle is only ~ 1/2000 compared to one hydrogen atom mass. Within the atoms of all elements, these subatomic particles are found.

Initially it was controversial, but later Thomson's discoveries were gradually accepted by scientists. After then, his cathode ray particles were given a name called as electrons.

Answer from: Quest

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Answer from: Quest

force is based upon mass and acceleration.the statement is not always true.

it can be explained from newton's second law of motion.

as per newton's second law of motion the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place along the direction of force.

mathematically it can be written as -

$f\alpha \frac{dp}{dt}$

⇒ $f= k \frac{dp}{dt}$

here k is the proportionality constant whose value is 1.

$f=\frac{dp}{dt}$

$f= \frac{d[mv]}{dt}$

$f= m\frac{dv}{dt} +v\frac{dm}{dt}$

$f=ma+v\frac{dm}{dt}$ [a is the acceleration=dv/dt]

hence we see that force not only depends on mass and acceleration but also on velocity and rate of change of mass. force f will depend on mass and acceleration only when mass is constant.

hence the statement that force is based upon mass and acceleration is false.

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