A skydiver of mass m jumps from a hot air balloon and falls a distance d before reaching a terminal velocity of magnitude v. Assume that the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is g.

What is the work (Wd) done on the skydiver, over the distance, by the drag force of the air?

Explanation:

Drag Force is the only nonconservative force that affects the system. According to the Principle of Energy Conservations and Work-Energy Theorem, the physical model for the skydiver is:

The work done on the skydriver by the drag is:

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.