We can model a small merry-go-round as a uniform circular disk with mass 88 kg and diameter 1.8 m. How many 22 kg children need to ride the merry-go-round, standing right at the outer edge, to double the moment of inertia of the system?

n = 2 children

Explanation:

Given

M = 88 Kg

D = 1.8 m ⇒  R = D/2 = 1.8 m/2 = 0.9 m

m = 22 Kg

n = ?

We apply the formula

Icm = M*R²/2

⇒ Icm = (88 Kg)*(0.9 m)²/2 = 35.64 Kg*m²

If

I = 2*Icm = 2*35.64 Kg*m² = 71.28 Kg*m²

we apply Steiner's Theorem as follows

I = Icm + n*m*R²

⇒  n = (I - Icm) / (m*R²)

⇒  n = (71.28 Kg*m² - 35.64 Kg*m²) / (22 Kg*(0.9 m)²)

⇒  n = 2 children

a.   mass number from atomic number

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.