The earth has a vertical electric field at the surface, pointing down, that averages 119 N/C . This field is maintained by various atmospheric processes, including lightning. What is the excess charge on the surface of the earth

Explanation:

If we assume that the Earth is a spherical conductor, according to  Gauss's Law, the electric field is given by:

Here k is the Coulomb constant, the excess charge on the Earth's surface and r its radius. Solving for q:

gans

explanation:

vestigial organs (like your appendix) are organs that no longer serve a purpose.

increasing transnational kinetic energy. because the transnational kinetic energy formula consists of only two variables, mass and velocity, increasing one of those properties is the only way to increase an object's transnational kinetic energy. increases to mass and velocity, however, do not have the same impact.