Which undergoes the greatest change in momentum: (a) a baseball that is caught, (b) a baseball that is thrown, or (c) a baseball that is caught and then thrown back, if all of the baseballs have the same speed just before being caught and just after being thrown?\

(c) a baseball that is caught and then thrown back

Explanation:

The case when the baseball is caught and thrown back undergoes the maximum change in the momentum of the ball. The ball in this case reverts its direction of velocity therefore the velocity becomes opposite of what it was earlier and being a vector quantity it has a change in sign and hence the difference between the final and the initial values is largest than the cases in which one of the velocity is zero.

i believe the answer would be:

d. violin, clarinet, french horn, and tuba