7. A toy car of mass 1.2 kg is driving vertical circles inside a hollow cylinder of radius 2.0m. It is moving at a constant speed of 6 m/s. a) Calculate the magnitude of the normal force acting on the car when it is on the top of the circle and when it is on the bottom of the circle, respectively. b) What is the minimum speed the car needs to go around the circle without falling off?

a)

b)

Explanation:

The net force on the car must produce the centripetal acceleration necessary to make this circle, which is . At the top of the circle, the normal force and the weight point downwards (like the centripetal force should), while at the bottom the normal force points upwards (like the centripetal force should) and the weight downwards, so we have (taking the upwards direction as positive):

Which means:

The limit for falling off would be , so the minimum speed would be:

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