Which best illustrates the way in which radiation transfers thermal energy?

A red ball at left labeled warm does not touch a blue ball labeled cool at right. Curved arrows point from the blue ball to the red ball.

A red ball at left labeled warm does not touch a blue ball labeled cool at right. Curved arrows point from the red ball to the blue ball.

A red ball at left labeled warm touches a blue ball labeled cool at right. Straight arrows point from the blue ball to the red ball.

A red ball at left labeled warm touches a blue ball labeled cool at right. Straight arrows point from the red ball to the blue ball.

Comedians like to joke that the reason we haven’t been visited by intelligent life from elsewhere in the universe is that aliens have been monitoring earth’s broadcasts of intellectually embarrassing tv programs, like gilligan’s island, fear factor, the jersey shore, and the jerry springer showand so consider us far too primitive to merit a visit. let’s check the assertion that aliens could have been receiving them. tv programs are broadcast at a frequency of about 100mhz with about 100kw of total power in 30frames per second, which emanatesroughly uniformly in all directions. assume that interstellar space transmits these broadcasts without attenuation. no matter how smart they are, aliens would require at least one photon per frame to interpret our signals. findthe number of photons per unit time per unit area reaching a receiver on a possible planet in the nearest star system, which is about 4 light-years away (a light-year is the distance light travels in a year). if aliens aimed a receiver or detector directly at earth, how big (in diameter) would it have to be to receive a photon per frame

Properties seen when one one substance changes to another are known as properties

An electromagnetic wave with frequency 65.0 hz travels in aninsulating magnetic material that has dielectric constant 3.64 andrelative permeability 5.18 at this frequency. the electric fieldhas amplitude 7.20 \times 10^{ - 3} {\rm v}/{\rm m}. a. what is the speed of propagation of the wave? b.what is the wavelength of the wave? c.what is the amplitude of the magnetic field? d.what is the intensity of the wave?