If you are trying to get ketchup out of the bottle, the best way to do it is to turn the bottle upside down and give the bottle a sharp upward smack, forcing the bottle rapidly upward. Think about what subsequently happens to the ketchup, which is initially at rest, and use Newton’s first law to explain why this technique is so successful.

As part of an industrial process, air as an ideal gas at 10 bar, 400k expands at steady state through a valve to a pressure of 4 bar. the mass flow rate of air is 0.5 kg/s. the air then passes through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to a temperature of 295k with negligible change in pressure. the valve can be modeled as a throttling process, and kinetic and potential energy effects can be neglected. (a) for a control volume enclosing the valve and heat exchanger and enough of the local surroundings that the heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 295 k, determine the rate of entropy production, in kw/k. (b) if the expansion valve were replaced by an adiabatic turbine operating isentropically, what would be the entropy production? compare the results of parts (a) and (b) and discuss.

Which lists the fundamental forces in order, from strongest to weakest? strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, gravitational strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, gravitational gravitational, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, strong nuclear electromagnetic, gravitational, strong nuclear, weak nuclear

What is a subatomic particle with a negative charge and very little mass?