A6.0-cm-diameter horizontal pipe gradually narrows to 4.5 cm. when water flows through this pipe at a certain rate, the gauge pressure in these two sections is 31.0 kpa and 24.0 kpa, respectively. what is the volume rate of flow?

0.0072 m³/s

Explanation:

Using Bernoulli's law

P₁ + 1/2ρv₁² = P₂ + 1/2ρv₂ since the pipe is horizontal

1/2ρv₂² - 1/2ρv₁² = P₁ - P₂

flow rate is constant

A₁v₁ = A₂v₂

A₁ = πr₁² = π (0.06/2)² = 0.0028278 m²

A₂ = πr₂² = π (0.0225)² = 0.00159 m²

v₁  = (A₂ / A₁)v₂

v₁  = (0.00159 m²/ 0.0028278  m²) v₂ = 0.562  v₂

substitute v₁  into the Bernoulli's equation

1/2ρv₂² - 1/2ρv₁² = P₁ - P₂

500 ( 1 - 0.3161 ) v₂²  = (31.0 - 24 ) × 10³ Pa

341.924 v₂² = 7000

v₂² = 20.472

v₂ = √ 20.472 = 4.525 m/s

volume follow rate = 0.00159 m² ×  4.525 m/s = 0.0072 m³/s

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