8. a 40.0kg block of metal is suspended from a scale and is immersed in water. the dimensions of the block are 12.0cm x 10.0cm x 10.0cm. the 12.0cm dimension is vertical, and the top of the block is 5.00cm below the surface of the water. (a) what are the forces exerted by the water on the top and bottom of the block? (take p0 = 1.0130 x 105 n/m2 .) (b) what is the reading of the spring scale? (c) show that the buoyant force equals the difference between the forces at the top and bottom of the block.

a.1017.9N

b.1029.7N

c.T=380.6N

d.11.8 N

Explanation:

(a) The absolute pressure at the level of the top of the block is

Po=atmospheric pressure

g=gravity

h1=height

rh0=density of water

P1=Po+rho*g*h1

1.013*10^5+1000(9.81)(0.05)

1.0179*10^5Pa

at the level of the bottom of the block we have

P2=Po+rho*g*h2

1.013*10^5+1000(9.81)(0.17)

1.0297* 10^5 Pa

the downward force exerted on the top by the water is

Ftop=P*A== × = 1.0179* 10^5* 0.100

= 1017.9 N

and the upward force the water exerts on the bottom of the block , which is the buoyant force

Fbot== × = 1.0297 10^5 * 0.100 m

= 1029.7 N

(b) The scale reading is the tension, T, in the cord supporting the block.

if the block is at equilibrium, then sum of vertical forces

EFy=T+Fbot-Ftop-mg=0

T=mg+Ftop-Fbot

T=40*9.81-(1029.7-1017.9)

T=380.6N

(c)  Archimedes principle state that, the buoyant force on the block equals the weight of the displaced water. Thus,

Buoyant force=rho *g*h

= = 1000* 0.100^2 * 0.120 m *9.80 m s=11.8 N

from the answer a Ftop-Fbot

1029.7-1017.9=11.8N, the same as the buoyant force

it is a negative acceleration