Identify the phases in the life cycle of small and big stars. supernova: in this stage, the star collapses and produces elements heavier than iron. planetary nebula: in this stage, the star emits strong energy pulses that push away the outer layers creating a cloud of ionized gas around the core. neutron star: in this stage, the star has reduced to an extremely dense core. white dwarf: in this stage, the star has reduced to a dense core.

To understand the behavior of the electric field at the surface of a conductor, and its relationship to surface charge on the conductor. a conductor is placed in an external electrostatic field. the external field is uniform before the conductor is placed within it. the conductor is completely isolated from any source of current or charge. part a: which of the following describes the electric field inside this conductor? it is in the same direction as the original external field.it is in the opposite direction from that of the original external field.it has a direction determined entirely by the charge on its surface.it is always zero. part b: the charge density inside the conductor is: 0non-zero; but uniformnon-zero; non-uniforminfinite part c: assume that at some point just outside the surface of the conductor, the electric field has magnitude e and is directed toward the surface of the conductor. what is the charge density η on the surface of the conductor at that point? express your answer in terms of e and ϵ0