Cryogenic vacuum pump works by condensing vapors onto some absorbent medium. this is an efficient and clean way to pump a system in a research environment. the term cryo means cold, which indicates that these types of vacuum pumps contain a refrigerant cycle to cool the internal parts. the temperature difference between the inside and outside of a typical cryogenic pump is δ t = 300 ∘ c . derive an expression to convert this difference into fahrenheit and express the answer.

It may seem strange that the selected velocity does not depend on either the mass or the charge of the particle. (for example, would the velocity of a neutral particle be selected by passage through this device? ) the explanation of this is that the mass and the charge control the resolution of the device--particles with the wrong velocity will be accelerated away from the straight line and will not pass through the exit slit. if the acceleration depends strongly on the velocity, then particles with just slightly wrong velocities will feel a substantial transverse acceleration and will not exit the selector. because the acc