The tevatron acceleator at the fermi national accelerator laboratory (fermilab) outside chicago boosts protons to 1 tev (1000 gev) in five stages (the numbers given in parentheses represent the total kinetic energy at the end of each stage): cockcroft-walton (750 kev), linac (400 mev), booster (8 gev), main ring or injector (150 gev) and finally the tevatron itself (1 tev). what is the speed of the proton at the end of each stage?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Explanation:

At that energies, the speed of proton is in the relativistic theory field, so we need to use the relativistic kinetic energy equation.

          (1)

Here β = v/c, when v is the speed of the particle and c is the speed of light in vacuum.

Let's solve (1) for β.

We can write the mass of a proton in MeV/c².

Now we can calculate the speed in each stage.

a) Cockcroft-Walton (750 keV)

b) Linac (400 MeV)

c) Booster (8 GeV)

d) Main ring or injector (150 Gev)

e) Tevatron (1 TeV)

Have a nice day!

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an ion is a charged atom or molecule. it is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. an atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.