Acontinuous distillation column with reflux is to be designed to separate 30, 000 kg/h of a mixture of 40 wt% benzene and 60 wt% toluene into an overhead product containing 97 wt% benzene and a bottom product of 98 wt% toluene. a reflux ratio of 3.5 mol distillate to 1 mol of product is to be used. the molal latent heats of benzene and toluene are 7360 and 7960 cal/g mol, respectively. benzene and toluene form a nearly ideal solution with a relative volatility of about 2.5. the feed has a bubble point of 95 °c at a pressure of 1.0 atm.
(a) calculate the moles of overhead product and bottom product per hour.
(b) determine the number of ideal plates and the position of the feed plate
(i) if the feed is liquid at its boiling point;
(ii) if the feed is liquid at 20 °c (specific heat 0.44 cal/g. °c);
(iii) if the feed is a mixture of two-thirds vapor and one- third liquid.
(c) if steam at 1.36 atm gauge is used for heating, how much steam is required per hour for each of the above three cases, neglecting heat losses and assuming the reflux is a saturated liquid.
(d) if cooling water enters the condenser at 25 °c and leaves at 40 °c, how much cooling water is required, in cubic meters per hour? what is the cooling load of the condenser in kw?

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the motion of a pendulum is a classic example of mechanical energy conservation. a pendulum consists of a mass (known as a bob ) attached by a string to a pivot point. as the pendulum moves it sweeps out a circular arc, moving back and forth in a periodic fashion.

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

i will answer your question if you answer mine