Bicycle caliper brakes consist of rubber pads mounted in rigid metal "shoes." the normal force applied by a bicycle caliper brake pad to the wheel rim is about 4.00 × 10 2 n . the contact area of the brake pad is approximately 4.0 cm × 0 .70 cm , with the long dimension parallel to the rim’s rotation. the pad is 1.0 cm thick. the coefficient of kinetic friction between the rubber pad and the aluminum rim is 0.50. given that the shear modulus of the rubber is 0.30 mpa, calculate the deformation angle φ of the brake pad

Answerthe energy required is 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁸ j, to three significant figures.explanationwe define electric potential as the ratio electric potential energy to the charge,    then the following gives us the potential difference,      the formula  may be on your formula sheet.the change in electric potential energy would be the energy that would needed to move it from point a to point b. solving for that, we get    using q = 8.00  × 10⁻¹⁹ c and  δv = 2.00 v, we get    the energy required is 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁸ j, to three significant figures.