For a free body diagram situation how am i supposed to know when to use fk vs fs vs ff

Aboxcar traveling at 12 m/s approaches a string of 5 identical boxcars sitting stationary on the track. the moving boxcar collides and links with the stationary cars and they all move off together along the track. what is the final speed of the cars immediately after the collision? (you may take the mass of each boxcar to be 18,537 kg.)

Astone is dropped with no initial velocity from the top of a cliff and hits the ground a time of 3.9 s later. what is the height of the cliff, in units of meters? you may assume that air resistance is negligible. give the answer as a positive number question 15 a figure skater is rotating at a rate of 200 revolutions per minute. what is the angular speed, in units of rad/s? 200 o 20.9 12000 o 3.33

(**i would really appreciate if this was answered soon** ) which pair of quantities includes one quantity that increases as the other decreases during simple harmonic motion?