16. explain why is the sand
cooler under the umbrella
than outside the umbrella?

Here's what I get

Explanation:

The energy from the Sun's rays heats up the sand.

The umbrella prevents most of the Sun's rays from reaching the sand beneath it.

Thus, the sand in the umbrella's shadow receives less solar energy and heats up less.

jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, having a mass and radius that are respectively, 318 and 11.2 times that of earth. suppose that an object falls from rest near the surface of each planet and that the acceleration due to gravity remains constant during the fall. each object falls the same distance before striking the ground. determine the ratio of the time of fall on jupiter to that on earth.