When non-metric units were used in the united kingdom, a unit of mass called the pound-mass (lbm) was employed, where 1lbm=0.4539kg. (a) if there is an uncertainty of 0.0001kg in the pound-mass unit, what is its percent uncertainty? (b) based on that percent uncertainty, what mass in pound-mass has an uncertainty of 1 kg when converted to kilograms?

a) 0.022%

b) 10014.32 lb

Explanation:

a) Percentage uncertainty would be

Percent uncertainty is 0.022%

b) For 1 kg uncertainty mass in kg would be

Mass in pounds would be

Mass in pound-mass is 10014.32 lb

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

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