How does a prism split white light into a rainbow?

White light is a mix of all the colours that we know, from the violet to red, which means that is formed by a range of wavelengths (from 400nm to approximately 700nm). Where the colors violet and blue have a smaller wavelength and colors like red have a longer wavelength

Also, light travels at a different speed depending on the medium in which it is found, this is because of the index of refraction of the material.

In a prism, light will travel slower than in the air, and the different wavelengths travel at different speeds.

As light passes through the prism, light with a longer wavelength (red) travels faster than light with a shorter wavelength (violet) this speed difference causes light to break down into the color spectrum.

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