Ardipithecus ramidus is located at the base of all four phylogenies in the animation. what does this position tell us about the relationships between ardipithecus ramidus and the other species in the phylogenies?

The heliocentric and the geocentric models of the solar system included these central principles

Light from two different sources are incident upon the same side of a polarizing filter. light from one source is polarized with total intensity ip, while light from the other source is unpolarized with total intensity iu. as you rotate the polarizing filter through 360 degrees, the intensity of the transmitted light on the other side varies by a factor of 9. what is the relative intensity of the initial polarized source to the unpolarized source, or ip/iu?

Aspecified volume of space contains an electric field for which the magnitude is given by e=e0cos(ωt). suppose that e0 = 20 v/m and ω = 1.0 × 107 s−1. part a what is the maximum displacement current through a 0.80 m2 cross-sectional area of this volume? express your answer with the appropriate units. idisp,max i d i s p , m a x = nothing nothing request answer part b how would this area have to be oriented relative to the electric field to get this maximum displacement current?