To form a pendulum, a 0.092 kg ball is attached to one end of a rod of length 0.62 m and negligible mass, and the other end of the rod is mounted on a pivot. the rod is rotated until it is straight up, and then it is released from rest so that it swings down around the pivot. when the ball reaches its lowest point, what are (a) its speed and (b) the tension in the rod? next, the rod is rotated until it is horizontal, and then it is again released from rest. (c) at what angle from the vertical does the tension in the rod equal the weight of the ball? (d) if the mass of the ball is increased, does the answer to (c) increase, decrease, or remain the same?

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1) what is light? light is an electromagnetic wave visible to the human eye.  2) what is a reflection? the rebounding of a light ray when it hits a mirror.3) what is the incident ray? contacts the surface of an object.4) what is the reflected ray? bounces off a reflective surface.5) what is the normal ray? perpendicular to the surface of a mirror.6) what is the angle of incidence? an angle formed by the incident ray and the normal.7) what is the angle of reflection? an angle formed by the reflected ray and the normal.8) what is refraction? (bending.)9) what is a converging lens? bring together light rays that pass through.10) what is a diverging lens? spreads out light passing through.11) focal point? the real point where the refracted rays meet when the incident rays run parallel.