Electromagnetic radiation at temperature t in an enclosure of volume vhas pressure p and energy density u given by и —а т* р 3 1sat" and where a is a constant. (a) write down the ftr and use it to show that as = 4avt2; дт (i) as 4 =-al 3 (ii) ду hint: write e = vu and hence find an expression for de in terms of du and dv; note that uis a function only of t 5 marks] (b) use the results of part (a) to show that the entropy s of the radiation is given by: (i) 4 s = (ii the helmholtz free energy of the radiation is given by f = -pv.

Researchers determine that the biodiversity in a woodland region is declining. they identify two major threats to the region's biodiversity, a method to address each threat, and the expected outcome of each method. this information is shown in the table. a) reforestation would not benefit many species because most forest species live on the ground. b) reforestation would take the longest time to be effective because trees take several years to grow. c) biological augmentation would benefit only a few species because is is typically not very effective. d) biological augmentation would take less time to ve effective because it targets the majority of prey species.