The energy yield of a nuclear weapon is often defined in terms of the equivalent mass of a conventional explosive. 1 ton of a conventional explosive releases 4.2 gj. a typical nuclear warhead releases 250,000 times more, so the yield is expressed as 250 kilotons. that is a staggering explosion, but the asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs was significantly greater. assume that the asteroid was a sphere 10 km in diameter, with a density of 2500 kg/m3 and moving at 30 km/s. part a: what energy was released at impact, in joules? assume all kinetic energy of the asteroid to be released. part b: what energy was released at impact, in kilotons? assume all kinetic energy of the asteroid to be released.

A)

The kinetic energy of an object is given by

where

m is the mass of the object

v is the speed of the object

For the asteroid in the problem, we have

is the density

is the radius

We can find its volume:

And so its mass

while its speed is

So its kinetic energy is

so, this is the energy released in the impact of the asteroid.

B)  

The conversion factor is

So the energy released in kilotons will be

  the grams     of oxygen gas   that can be produced     is 20.6   grams of o₂

calculation

2liclo₃ →   2 licl + 3 o₂

step 1:   find the moles of liclo₃

moles = mass÷ molar mass

from periodic table the molar mass of liclo₃ =6.9 +35.5   +(16 x3) =90.4 g/mol

moles=38.7 g÷90.4 g/mol=0.4281   moles

step 2:   use the   mole ratio   to calculate the moles of o2

from equation above, liclo₃: o₂   is 2: 3  

therefore the moles of   o₂=0.4281 moles x3/2 =0.6422   moles

step 3: find mass   of o₂

mass= moles x molar mass

from periodic table the   molar mass of   o₂ = 16 x2= 32 g/mol

mass=0.6422   moles   x   32 g/mol = 20.6 grams of o₂

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) the mechanical energy of the firefighter moving.< < < < a) electrical > light, sound, and thermal< < < <

c) both a and b.