Aray of light traveling in air is incident on the surface of a block of clear ice (of index 1.309) at an angle of 25.5 ◦ with the normal. part of the light is reflected and part is refracted. find the angle between the reflected and the refracted light. answer in units of ◦ .

The figure attached will be helpful to understand the solution.

Here we see two cases, reflection and refraction of light.

According to the laws of reflection:

1. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal are in the same plane.

2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

*Note the normal is perpendicular to the plane, with a angle with the surface

And this can be visualized in the figure, where the angle with which the incident ray hits the surface is equal to the angle with which this same ray is reflected.

On the other hand we have Refraction, a phenomenon in which  the light bends or changes its direction when passing through a medium with a refractive index different from the other medium.

In this context, the Refractive index is a number that describes how fast light propagates through a medium or material.  

According to Snell’s Law:  

    (1)  

Where:  

is the first medium refractive index  (the air)

is the second medium refractive index  (the ice)

is the angle of the incident ray  

is the angle of the refracted ray  

Now, firstly we have to find and then, by geometry, find and which sum the angle between the reflected and the refracted light.

Finding from (1):

  (2)

Remembering that the Normal makes  a angle with the surface, we can say:

   (3)

Finding :

   (4)

Doing the same with   and  :

   (5)

Finding :

   (6)

Adding both angles (4) and (6):

   (7)

>>>This is the angle between the reflected and the refracted light.

the answer would be c. motion and direction

i hope this : )

small = small current large mag large current