Needing explaining ! (2 pics attached)

#28

Fluid always flow from higher pressure to lower pressure so as we can see the figure liquid is coming out of the spray bottle so it clearly shows that the pressure outside the tube will be lower than the pressure inside the tube.

#29

Momentum is defined as product of mass and its velocity

so here we will have

here we have

so we will have

explanation:

the masses of the objects and the distance between them