On aircraft carriers, catapults are used to accelerate jet air craft to flight speeds in a short distance. one such catapult takes 18,000-kg jet from 0 to 70 m/s in 2.5s. what is the acceleration of the jet?

Acceleration = (change in speed) / (time for the change)

Change in speed = (speed at the end) - (speed at the beginning)

The jet's change in speed = (70 m/s) - (zero) = 70 m/s

So acceleration = (70 m/s) / (2.5 s)

Acceleration = (70 / 2.5) m/s²

Acceleration = 28 m/s²  

That's about 2.9 G's .  Jet pilots can endure a lot more than that, but maybe the catapult or the hook on the airplane can't.  Let's look a little closer:

F = m A (Newton #2)

The force on the airplane = (18,000 kg) x (28 m/s²)

Force on the airplane = 504,000 Newtons

That's about 113,000 pounds !  Maybe the part of the airplane that the catapult pushes on can't handle any more force than that.  Or maybe that's the most force the catapult can deliver.

Also, the REACTION force on the catapult is the same 113,000 pounds.  Maybe the hooks or the chains or the struts on the catapult can't handle any more force than that.

That's almost 57 tons for gosh sakes !  Maybe the DECK of the carrier can't handle more force than that, and that's why they can't launch the airplane with acceleration of more than 2.9 G's .