This is a body suspended from a fixed support that swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity.

Pendulum

Explanation:

A pendulum is a system composed of a mass coupled to a pivot, which allows its movement freely. The mass is subject to the restorative force caused by gravity. In other words, a pendulum is a body suspended from a fixed support that oscillates freely back and forth under the influence of gravity.

There are numerous pendulums studied by physicists, as they describe it as an object of easy prediction of movements and which has enabled numerous technological advances. Some of these are the physical, twisting, tapered, Foucalt, double, spiral, Karter and inverted pendulums. But the simplest and most widely used model is the simple pendulum.

what experimental evidence led scientists to change from the previous model to this one?

a few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.

the colors of light emitted from heated atoms had very specific energies.

experiments with water vapor showed that elements combine in specific proportions.

cathode rays were bent in the same way whenever a magnet was brought near them.