Ok so i've had some trouble understanding independent variable, dependent variable, constants, and controls. i'm doing something about mass and weigh (in newton's) and you can choose different planets to see how the planets gravity affects it's mass/weight. the objects are on the little white bar on the bottom. ! i need to know what each variable is and the constant/control.

Unpolarized light falls on two polarizer sheets whose transmission axes are at right angles. a third polarizer is placed between the first two so that its axis makes a 52-degree angle with the axis of the first polarizer. a) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the first polaroid? b) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the second polaroid? c) what is the angle of polarization of the light that enters the third polaroid? d) what fraction of the incident light intensity is transmitted through the third polaroid. e) what happens if the middle polaroid is removed?

Imagine you are standing in the antarctic during the southern hemisphere summer. the sky is clear and blue. there are no clouds in the sky. your shadow is cast on the icy ground. what is the color of the shadow?

Visualize the problem and identify special cases first examine the problem by drawing a picture and visualizing the motion. apply newton's 2nd law, ∑f⃗ =ma⃗ , to each body in your mind. don't worry about which quantities are given. think about the forces on each body: how are these consistent with the direction of the acceleration for that body? can you think of any special cases that you can solve quickly now and use to test your understanding later? one special case in this problem is if m2=0, in which case block 1 would simply fall freely under the acceleration of gravity: a⃗ 1=−gj^.