How do doctors use hemoglobin levels to decide
whether or not someone was blood doping?

Hemoglobin is a protein that is produced by the body that carries oxygen in the read blood cells the more read blood the more hemoglobin you have if the athletes have a high level of hemoglobin on the day of the race than it had ben days or weeks before, to shows that the athlete was blood doping.

Agroup of engineering students from purdue university reported that its licking machine, modeled after a human tongue, took an average of 364 licks to get to the center of a tootsie pop. twenty of the group's volunteers assumed the licking challenge-unassisted by machinery-and averaged 252 licks each to the center.