Type an essay (please, no hand-written work) which answers the seven questions following this prompt: Philip, who teaches first grade, believes that educational television programs such as Sesame Street promote reading ability in young children. He announces his hunch to his students and tells their parents about his idea during a P. T.A. meeting. Some parents respond enthusiastically when he asks for volunteers to participate in a three-month experiment to test his hypothesis. Ten volunteers are assigned to the experimental group and instructed to have their children watch the one-hour Sesame Street program each day after school. The parents of ten other students, who are picked at random from the remaining members of the class, receive the same instructions, except that the program they watch is a one-hour non-educational cartoon. After the three-month period, Philip administers a standardized reading test for both groups. He is delighted to find that the average test score of the students in the experimental group is substantially higher than that of the students in the comparison group. What behavior is the principal focus of the study? What is Philip’s hypothesis? State his hypothesis as a “testable prediction”. What is the independent variable, and explain how it will be measured (operational definition)? What is the dependent variable, and explain how it will be measured (operational definition)? List three variables that are controlled (not including the dependent and the independent variables) by the experimenter in this experiment. List three variables that are not likely controlled by the experimenter (confounding variables) and explain how each might have affected Philip’s findings. Was the research valid, according to the Psychological definition of validity, a test of Philip’s hypothesis? Explain your answer.