Cells become cancerous after mutations accumulate in the various genes that control cell production. according to research findings from the cancer genome project, most cancer cells possess 60 or more mutations. the challenge for medical researchers is to identify which of these mutations are responsible for particular kinds of cancer. should a person be concerned about cancer arising from cells in the stratum granulosum which is a layer of the epidermis?

Rita schmidt, 74 years of age, is a female patient who was admitted to the surgical unit after undergoing removal of a section of the colon for colorectal cancer. the patient does not have a colostomy. the patient has several small abdominal incisions and a clear dressing over each site. the incisions are well approximated and the staples are dry and intact. there is a jackson-pratt drain intact with minimal serous sanguineous drainage present. the patient has a salem sump tube connected to low continuous wall suction that is draining a small amount of brown liquid. the patient has no bowel sounds. the foley catheter has a small amount of dark amber-colored urine without sediments. the patient has sequential compression device (scd) in place. the nurse performs an assessment and that the patient's breath sounds are decreased bilaterally in the bases and the patient has inspiratory crackles. the patient's cardiac assessment is within normal limits. the patient is receiving o2 at 2 l per nasal hg; heart rate 110 bpm; respiratory rate 16 breaths/min; and the patient is afebrile. the patient is confused as to place and time. cannula with a pulse oximetry reading of 95%. the vital signs include: blood pressure, 100/50 mm. a. explain the assessment parameters used to provide clues to detect postoperative problems early and the interventions needed. b. what gerontological postoperative considerations should the nurse make?

Long term care uses adl and iadl scales to measure physical functions. what are these two measures and what purpose do they serve in an ltc.

The registered nurse working in thè cardiac care clinic is tasked with implementing quality improvement measures. to educate the dlinic staff, the nurse plans an in-service program to introduce concepts of quality improvement and evidence-based practice. additionally, the role of the case manager will be included in the presentation. the nurse plans on nursing care of the patient with congestive heart failure as a template and prepares sample clinical pathways care maps and multidisciplinary action plans. a. describe how clinical pathways are used to coordinate care of caseloads of patients. b. what is the role of the case manager in evaluating a patient's progress? c. what are examples of evidence-based practice tools used for planning patient care?