Which of the following is not true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the aveoli?
a. lining of the tubes changes from ciliated columnar to simple squamous epithelium in the alveoli.
b. proportionally, smooth muscle decreases uniformly.
c. resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross-sectional diameter
d. cartilage gradually decreases and disappears at the bronchioles.

Pearl richards, 69 years of age, is a female patient who is in the operating room for a repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. the patient has a history of hypertension controlled with medications, osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and has smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years. qn1. what nursing interventions are instituted to reduce the surgical risk factors related to the patient’s age. qn2. explain the role of the nurse in providing patient safety measures during the introspective period.