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Step-by-step explanation:

The ratios are proportional

step-by-step explanation:

one of the most important purposes of surface treatment is to alter surface properties according to the requirement of specific applications. for example, hydrophobic coating has been utilized on windshield and eyeglasses. gold atom monolayer on substrate has become a popular surface bioconjugation strategy.  

required rate of return = 0.166 = 16.6%

step-by-step explanation:

under the capital asset pricing model (capm), the required or expected rate of return for a particular security or asset is given using the formula:

required rate of return = risk-free rate + beta*(market risk premium)

we are given that;

risk-free rate = 4% = 0.04

beta = 1.4

market risk premium = 9% = 0.09

we simply plug these values into the above formula;

required rate of return = 0.04 + 1.4*(0.09)

required rate of return = 0.04 + 0.126

required rate of return = 0.166 = 16.6%