In a large study designed to compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between smokers and nonsmokers, random samples from each group were selected. The sample proportion of people with CVD was calculated for each group, and a 95 percent confidence interval for the difference (smoker minus nonsmoker) was given as (−0.01,0.04). Which of the following is the best interpretation of the interval?? a. We are 95% confident that the difference in proportions for smokers and nonsmokers with CVD in the sample is between -0.01 and 0.04.
b. We are 95% confident that the difference in proportions for smokers and nonsmokers with CVD in the population is between -0.01 and 0.04.
c. We are 95% confident that the proportion of all smokers with CVD is greater than the proportion of all nonsmokers with CVD because the interval contains more positive values.
d. The probability is 0.95 that for all random samples of the same size, the difference in the sample proportions for smokers and nonsmokers with CVD will be between -0.01 and 0.04.
e. The probability is 0.95 that there is no difference in the proportions of smokers and nonsmokers with CVD because o is included in the interval -0.01 and 0.04.