How can this function be written using function notation?

The annual snowfall in a town has a mean of 38 inches and a standard deviation of 10 inches. last year there were 63 inches of snow. find the number of standard deviations from the mean that is, rounded to two decimal places. 0.44 standard deviations below the mean 2.50 standard deviations below the mean 0.44 standard deviations above the mean 2.50 standard deviations above the mean

Aresearch study is done to find the average age of all u.s. factory workers. the researchers asked every factory worker in ohio what their birth year is. this research is an example of a census survey convenience sample simple random sample

Researchers are conducting experiments to determine the role of alcohol in the development of depression. after the study is complete, they determine that the relative risk of developing depression is 1.55 with a 95 % ci of 1.2 -1.9. each group is then divided into nonsmokers and smokers. the relative risk for the nonsmokers is 1.12 with a 95% ci of 0.87-1.37. the relative risk for the smokers is 1.7 with a 95 % cl of 1.5-1.9. what type of bias may affect this study? a. procedure bias b. recall bias c. selection bias d. confounding e. lead-time bias