Multiple myeloma, or blood plasma cancer, is characterized by increased blood vessels formulation (angiogenesis) in the bone marrow that is a predictive factor in survival. One treatment approach used for multiple myeloma is stem cell transplantation with the patient's is own stem cells. The data shown below represent the bone narrow microvessel density for patients who had complete response to the stem cell transplant (as measured by blood and urine test). The measurement were taken immediately prior to the stem cell transplant and the time the complete response was determined - Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Before 157 190 302 416 350 426 440 After 284 214 101 290 227 176 280

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Step-by-step explanation:

Given the data:

Patient : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Before 157 190 302 416 350 426 440

After 284 214 101 290 227 176 280

This is a paired sample t test :

H0 : μd = 0

H0 : μd ≠ 0

The difference, d = -127, -24, 201, 126, 123, 250, 160

Using calculator :

Mean of d = Σd / n = 101.286

Standard deviation of d ; Sd = 131.909

The test statistic : μd / (Sd / √n)

The test statistic = (101.286) / (131.909 / √7)

The test statistic = 2.031

The Pvalue ; df = n - 1 ; 7 - 1 = 6

Pvalue(2.031 ; 6) = 0.0885

At α = 0.05

Pvalue > α ; WE fail to reject H0 and conclude that there is no difference in mean.

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one of the most important purposes of surface treatment is to alter surface properties according to the requirement of specific applications. for example, hydrophobic coating has been utilized on windshield and eyeglasses. gold atom monolayer on substrate has become a popular surface bioconjugation strategy.