The daily temperatures in fall and winter months in Virginia have a mean of 62°F. A meteorologist in southwest Virginia believes the mean temperature is colder in this area. The meteorologist takes a random sample of 15 daily
temperatures from the fall and winter months over the last five years in southwest Virginia. The mean temperature
for the sample is 58°F with a standard deviation of 4.12°F. A significance test at an alpha level of a = 0.05 produces
a P-value of 0.001. What is the correct interpretation of the P-value?
There is a 0.1% chance that a sample mean temperature of at most 58°F will occur by chance if the true mean
temperature is 62°F.
Assuming the true mean temperature is 62°F, there is a 0.1% probability that the null hypothesis is true by chance
alone.
There is a 0.1% probability that a sample mean temperature of 58°F will occur by chance alone if the true mean
temperature is 62°F.
Assuming the true mean temperature is 62°F, there is a 99.9% probability that a sample mean of 58°F will occur
by chance alone.