31. MCAT Scores A random sample of 50 medical school applicants at a university has a mean raw score of 31 on the multiple choice portions of the
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). A student says that the mean
raw score for the school's applicants is more than 30. Assume the population
standard deviation is 2.5. At a = 0.01, is there enough evidence to support
the student's claim? (Adapted from Association of American Medical Colleges)

In a study of the relationship between socio-economic class and unethical behavior, 129 university of california undergraduates at berkeley were asked to identify themselves as having low or high social-class by comparing themselves to others with the most (least) money, most (least) education, and most (least) respected jobs. they were also presented with a jar of individually wrapped candies and informed that the candies were for children in a nearby laboratory, but that they could take some if they wanted. after completing some unrelated tasks, participants reported the number of candies they had taken. it was found that those who were identiď¬ed as upper-class took more candy than others. in this study, identify: (a) the cases, (b) the variables and their types, (c) the main research question, (d) identify the population of interest and the sample in this study, and (e) comment on whether or not the results of the study can be generalized to the population, and if the ď¬ndings of the study can be used to establish causal relationships.