Which of the following statements are true about the graph of f(x) = 6(x + 1)2 -9? Check all of the boxes that apply.

a. The vertex is (1, -9).

b. The graph opens upward.

c. The graph is obtained by shifting the graph of f(x) = 6(x + 1)2 up 9 units.

d. The graph is steeper than the graph of f(x) = x2.

e. The graph is the same as the graph of f(x) = 6x2 + 12x - 3.